What term describes the loss of ability to comprehend or formulate language?

The term that describes the loss of ability to comprehend or formulate language is aphasia. This condition is typically the result of damage to specific areas of the brain that are responsible for language processing, such as Broca's area or Wernicke's area. Individuals with aphasia can experience a range of difficulties, including issues with speaking, understanding spoken language, reading, and writing, depending on the subtype and severity of the condition.

Aphasia can arise from various causes, most commonly stroke, head injury, or brain tumors, and it highlights the critical role of certain brain structures in our ability to communicate effectively. Understanding aphasia is essential for those studying biological bases of behavior, as it exemplifies the connection between neurological function and cognitive abilities.