What is the innermost layer of the meninges that directly covers the surface of the brain?

The innermost layer of the meninges that directly covers the surface of the brain is the pia mater. This delicate membrane adheres closely to the contours of the brain, following its folds and fissures. The pia mater is part of the protective covering of the central nervous system and plays a crucial role in supporting blood vessels that supply the brain.

In contrast, the dura mater is the outermost layer that provides a tough protective sheath, while the arachnoid mater is the middle layer, situated between the dura mater and pia mater. The subarachnoid space lies between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which cushions the brain and serves various functions, including nutrient transport and waste removal. Recognizing the specific roles and positions of these layers of the meninges aids in understanding their importance in protecting the brain and spinal cord.