EPPP Biological Bases of Behavior Practice Exam

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• What does the term paresis refer to?
• The orbitofrontal cortex is primarily involved in which aspect of behavior?
• What usually occurs during a seizure besides abnormal neuronal firing?
• Which generation of antipsychotics, developed in the 1950s, primarily act as dopamine blockers and can cause movement disorders?
• What is the therapeutic window?
• What do mirror neurons contribute to in terms of human behavior?
• What are the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord known as?
• What term is used to refer to the natural cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid?
• What term refers to the process of combining items into groups to enhance memory retention?
• Which type of imaging would likely be used in an emergency room following a serious head injury?
• What condition is indicated by the degradation of myelin sheaths, significantly affecting the cerebellum?
• Which brain hemisphere is most involved in language-recognition tasks?
• Which motor disease is characterized by shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty in walking due to a lack of dopamine in the substantia nigra?
• What term describes an acute and abrupt state of confusion that is usually reversible?
• What might an aneurysm lead to if it ruptures?
• In which type of dementia do patients typically experience a decline in executive functioning?
• Which part of the brain is crucial for emotional processing and memory?
• Which layer of the meninges lies between the dura mater and the pia mater?
• Which type of memory consists of facts, figures, dates, and information not based on personal experience?
• What term refers to a condition that can cause intermediate movements and is associated with prolonged usage of antipsychotic medications?
• A seizure that causes an individual to appear to be staring into space is known as?
• What type of injury results from an external mechanical force that can lead to disability or death?
• What does pharmacodynamics study?
• What type of memory involves the recall of specific events or experiences that can be mentally visualized?
• What neurological effect can occur from abnormal neuronal firing?
• What term describes movement disorders that are induced by drugs?
• At what age is ADHD typically diagnosed?
• What type of memory is based on personal experiences and events?
• Which part of the brain is associated with musical aspects of speech, known as prosody?
• Heschel's Convolutions are responsible for processing which type of stimuli?
• What neurotransmitter acts as a neuro inhibitor and is commonly used to treat anxiety?
• Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for regulating breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure?
• What symptom might indicate the presence of positive symptoms in a patient?
• Temporary immediate recall of information for processing, typically lasting less than a minute, is known as?
• What is the term for action-based information stored in memory, such as how to ride a bike?
• What is the cognitive disorder characterized by the loss of reading ability?
• What is the term for the creation of false memories or the distortion of real memories?
• What term refers to the collection of neurons in the cerebrum specifically structured in six layers?
• Previously known as grand mal seizures, which seizure type results in loss of consciousness and convulsive movements?
• What term refers to the presence of abnormal behaviors in psychological conditions?
• Which neurotransmitter is associated with cellular metabolism, learning, and memory?
• What is the classification for a drug that mimics neurotransmitter action?
• Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for activation and the "fight or flight" response?
• What is the primary function of the Autonomic Nervous System?
• What medical condition is characterized by poor blood flow to a part of the brain leading to cell death?
• Which brain region is associated with mediating planning and necessary functions of planning?
• Which layer of the meninges is the toughest and most external?
• Which test is designed to identify language abilities in the cerebral cortex?
• What part of the brain is responsible for emotional memory, particularly fear-based memories?
• What condition describes a state of agitation and distress caused by antipsychotic medications?
• What type of brain cells are primarily responsible for transmitting and interpreting signals?
• Which imaging technique utilizes a radioactive substance to observe brain activity?
• Which memory type refers to information that is unconsciously remembered?
• Which category of drug is used as a last alternative for treating depression due to serious drug and food interactions?
• What is the term for the junction where communication occurs between two neurons?
• What is the relationship between strokes and cerebrovascular disease?
• What is the most common form of dementia characterized by a decline in memory and cognitive functioning?
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by difficulties in which of the following?
• What condition results in an inability to attend to stimuli on one side of the body due to parietal lobe damage?
• Which condition is often linked with long-term deficiencies of thiamine due to chronic alcohol consumption?
• What is the desired outcome associated with maintaining a therapeutic window in drug administration?
• What is a key factor distinguishing absence seizures from other types?
• What is the term for repetitive twisting or abnormal posture often linked with certain medications?
• What is the term for toxic levels of serotonin that can be dangerous?
• Where in the brain is spatial memory primarily processed?
• What is the term for when two or more people focus on the same object?
• Which lobe is responsible for processing and storing auditory information?
• Which neurotransmitter is part of the brain's reward system and is utilized in the treatment of Parkinson's and ADHD?
• What concept refers to the recognition that others have a different perspective of the same events?
• Wernicke's Aphasia primarily affects which of the following?
• Which term refers to how drugs impact the body?
• What imaging technique uses x-rays to create a series of slices of the brain?
• What characterizes Huntington's Disease?
• The emotional state characterized by low motivation and lack of enthusiasm is known as?
• What is the function of the Basal Ganglia in the brain?
• What is the term for the inability to form new memories?
• Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for motor coordination?
• Which type of memory involves the retention of stimuli after the stimuli is removed and lasts less than a second?
• What is the function of the ventricles in the brain?
• Which cells are often referred to as the supporting cells of the nervous system?
• Which system is made up of sensory and motor neurons and plays a key role in receiving and communicating information?
• What is the name of the insulating layer that surrounds neurons to increase signal transmission speed?
• What is the term for the raised ridges found on the surface of the brain?
• What condition is characterized by an inability to understand language?
• What physical manifestation is often associated with a generalized tonic-clonic seizure?
• What is the term for the crossing of incoming signals from one hemisphere to the opposite hemisphere?
• What condition is characterized by the inability to move both arms and legs?
• What term describes the acquired difficulty in performing skilled movements?
• What is the space called that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and located between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater?
• What is the condition called that results in the inability to move legs?
• Which term refers to the "bottom" position in anatomical terminology?
• What is the term for memory that has been stored for a prolonged period and can be retrieved later?
• Which type of junction allows neurons to communicate with each other?
• Which part of the frontal lobe is primarily responsible for the coordination and initiation of voluntary movement?
• What is the name of the major sulcus that divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
• What do we call the inability to recall memories from before a specific event?
• Which condition is characterized by an inability to write effectively?
• What is the role of the somatic nervous system?
• Which type of dementia is associated with changes in personality, executive dysfunction, and language difficulties?
• Which neurotransmitter is linked to feelings of happiness and regulates sleep, appetite, and mood, often used to treat depression?
• What is the role of the thalamus in the brain?
• What structure functions to insulate and protect the neuronal axons?
• Which of the following can be a trigger for seizures in some individuals?
• Which area of the brain is heavily involved in the planning of voluntary movements?
• What part of the brain is responsible for regulating involuntary movements?
• What do efferent nerves do in the somatic nervous system?
• What is the outermost layer of the brain that contains the cortex and its connecting axons known as?
• What is the name of the grooves that separate the gyri in the cortex?
• What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
• What does EEG stand for, which measures electrical activity in the brain?
• Which symptoms would typically be expected in someone suffering from Korsakoff's Syndrome?
• What mechanism describes the temporary storage of experienced stimuli immediately after presentation?
• What do we call the memory involved in learning to perform tasks without conscious thought?
• Which part of the brain is responsible for somatosensory processing?
• Which type of brain cells provide structural support and nutrients?
• Which part of the brain regulates the secretion of hormones?
• Which part of the brain is known to mediate emotional responses in an individual?
• What category of drug has replaced benzodiazepines for treating anxiety disorders?
• What are neurons called that activate when observing someone else perform an action or imagining oneself doing it?
• What part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary life functions?
• What class of drugs is primarily used to enhance GABA for the relaxation response in treating anxiety disorders?
• Which type of memory is often described as the storage for long-lasting information that can be needed for future use?
• What structure consists of a network of arteries, veins, and connective tissues in the meninges?
• Which part of the brain is associated primarily with linking motivation to behavioral outcomes?
• What condition results from poor metabolic processing of the amino acid phenylalanine?
• In anatomical terms, the term "superior" refers to which direction?
• Acquired inability to produce purposeful and skilled movement is known as what?
• What is characterized by irregular, jerky movements often caused by neuroleptic medication?
• Which type of drugs are primarily used to treat anxiety?
• What type of antipsychotics, introduced in the 1990s, block both dopamine and serotonin and may result in metabolic disorders?
• Which term describes the condition of having difficulty in coordinating movements?
• What are afferent nerves primarily responsible for?
• What neurological condition is characterized by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons, affecting voluntary muscle control?
• Which class of drugs is known for increasing norepinephrine and dopamine in the prefrontal cortex and is used in treating ADHD?
• Which lobe is primarily responsible for processing non-language based sounds?
• What is the term for the controlling part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord?
• Which term is used to describe structures located towards the middle of the body?
• Which condition results in a decline in two or more cognitive functions that impacts daily living activities?
• What term describes the process of how drugs move throughout the body?
• Which term refers to a chemical released into a synapse to activate another neuron?
• Which function is primarily associated with the Central Nervous System?
• What is the term for a substance that increases the production of a neurotransmitter?
• What is the primary symptom of a tonic-clonic generalized seizure?
• What aspect of speech is characterized by its musical quality?
• Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sensory information and voluntary movement?
• What term describes the side of the body that is further from the midline?
• What term describes the cognitive deficits and personality changes associated with frontotemporal dementia?
• What is the term for the acquired inability to read?
• Which type of medical imaging requires anesthesia and is invasive to visualize the vasculature?
• What type of substance decreases the effect of a neurotransmitter by blocking its sites?
• Which structure is responsible for maintaining arousal and consciousness?
• What is the innermost layer of the meninges that directly covers the surface of the brain?
• What aspect of movement representation does the homunculus illustrate?
• Which lobe of the brain is most associated with processing and storing language-based sounds?
• What type of memory involves information that is consciously remembered?
• What category of medication is commonly used to treat bipolar disorder?
• Which neural imaging method uses magnetic fields to provide detailed images of brain structure?
• Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?
• What term describes slow movement often associated with Parkinson's disease?
• Which lobe is involved in processing tactile sensations?
• Retrograde amnesia primarily affects the recall of?
• Which type of memory involves information that can be intentionally recalled?
• Which type of memory is defined as the ability to manipulate mental information in real-time?
• What type of dementia is caused by a decay of neurons in the frontal and temporal cortex resulting in personality changes and language difficulties?
• How do efferent nerves primarily function in the nervous system?
• What is the function of the cerebrum in the brain?
• Which term describes the directional position "top" in anatomical terms?
• Which brain region is responsible for complex executive functions like reasoning, judgment, decision-making, and inhibition?
• Which term refers to the acquired difficulty in writing?
• Which nervous system component is responsible for involuntary control of body functions?
• What neurological phenomenon is often treated with antiepileptic medications?
• Which left hemisphere structure is crucial for language comprehension and production?
• What cognitive ability is necessary for joint attention?
• Which structure in the brain is primarily responsible for sensory relay and processing?
• What term describes a bulging, weak area of an artery in the brain?
• Which system is most directly involved in the body’s emergency response mechanisms?
• Which structure connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain?
• Which area of the language-dominant temporal lobe is key in understanding and expressing meaningful language?
• Which term refers to the front side of the body in anatomical positions?
• What neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for muscle activation?
• Which part of the brain acts as a relay station for sensory information?
• What is the function of the dura mater specifically?
• What condition is characterized by a deficiency in the metabolism of phenylalanine, often requiring a special diet?
• A typical feature of anterograde amnesia is?
• What condition involves diseases of the brain's vasculature that can lead to strokes and lesions?
• What does fMRI measure to indicate functional differences in the brain?
• Which term describes memories that can be verbally articulated and recalled at will?
• Which movement disorder is characterized by cell death in the caudate nucleus?
• Which type of seizure is most likely to be mistaken for daydreaming in children?
• What term is used to describe a lack of emotion?
• What is now referred to as "neurocognitive disorder" in the DSM-V?
• Which condition is characterized by the loss of the ability to interpret sensations?
• Which imaging technology is most suitable for identifying small details in the brain under non-urgent situations?
• What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?
• Which neurotransmitter is most closely tied to mood regulation and is often targeted in depression therapies?
• Which term describes the concept where the representation of body parts in the brain is proportional to their level of movement?
• Which term refers to the partial or total loss of the ability to produce language?
• What function is the premotor cortex primarily involved with?
• Which type of seizure was formerly referred to as petit-mal seizures and is characterized by a brief stare into space?
• Which newer type of drug is used to treat depression, such as Wellbutrin?
• In which area of the brain is Wernicke's Area located?
• Which category of drug was previously used for relaxation but has dangerous side effects leading to its replacement?
• What procedure is used to visualize lesions in blood vessels by injecting contrast material?
• What is the extending arm of the neuron called?
• What is the role of the primary motor cortex in the brain?
• What neurological disease results in a loss of declarative memory and is often associated with long-term alcohol abuse?
• What part of the brain processes and stores visual information?
• Which of the following is a common characteristic of both tonic-clonic and absence seizures?
• Which condition is characterized by a distorted experience of reality and abnormal social interactions?
• How long does it take for a reflex response to occur?
• Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the regulation of mood and is often referred to as the "feel-good" chemical?
• What is created by the thalamic bodies?
• What does PET stand for in relation to brain imaging?
• What is the name of the memory type that encompasses both procedural and declarative information?
• What is characterized by the absence of normal behaviors in a patient?
• What neurotransmitter is associated with activating behaviors related to fight or flight responses?
• What is the primary function of GABA in the brain?
• What term describes the loss of ability to comprehend or formulate language?
• What area of the brain is primarily responsible for fluent language production and grammar comprehension?
• Which neurotransmitter is essential for muscle movement and is also involved in emphasizing arousal and attention?
• What is the condition characterized by abnormal neuronal firing that can lead to unusual behavior or experiences?
• The cerebellum plays a key role in which of the following functions?
• Which type of antidepressant, known for dangerous side effects, is categorized as a Tricyclic Antidepressant?
• Which of the following terms best describes a weakened muscle condition?
• What term describes the inability to move due to impairment in the nervous system?
• What is primarily affected in a person experiencing hemispatial neglect?
• Aphasia differs from which of the following conditions?
• What term describes the loss of ability to perform mathematical calculations?
• What is a form of mild traumatic brain injury that may result in altered consciousness or focal cognitive deficits?
• What structure is responsible for the transfer of memories from short-term to long-term and is also involved in spatial memory?
• Which type of neuron extension transmits signals away from the neuron's cell body?
• Which function is primarily managed by the orbitofrontal cortex during decision-making?
• What is the function of the limbic system in the brain?
• In which region of the central nervous system does the dorsal structure refer to?