What is the primary function of GABA in the brain?

GABA, or gamma-aminobutyric acid, is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Its primary function is to inhibit neuronal firing, which helps to reduce excitability and prevent excessive neuronal activity. This mechanism is crucial for maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition in the brain, thereby contributing to various cognitive and emotional processes. By binding to its receptors, GABA increases the influx of negatively charged ions into the neuron, making it less likely to fire an action potential. This inhibitory action is essential for regulating anxiety, preventing seizures, and ensuring overall neural stability.

The effects of GABA extend to several psychological and physiological functions, but its main role remains the inhibition of neuronal activity, which distinguishes it from other neurotransmitters that facilitate alertness or movement, or regulate mood.