What type of antipsychotics, introduced in the 1990s, block both dopamine and serotonin and may result in metabolic disorders?

Atypical antipsychotics are characterized by their ability to block both dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain, which differentiates them from typical antipsychotics that primarily focus on dopamine receptor antagonism. This dual action is thought to contribute to their efficacy in treating a broader range of symptoms associated with psychotic disorders, including both positive symptoms like hallucinations and negative symptoms such as social withdrawal.

Introduced in the 1990s, atypical antipsychotics, such as clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine, have been particularly noted for their potential to cause metabolic side effects. These may include weight gain, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, which are significant concerns when prescribing these medications. The impact on serotonin receptors is believed to play a role in these metabolic side effects, distinguishing atypical antipsychotics from their predecessors within the antipsychotic class.

Understanding the unique pharmacological profile of atypical antipsychotics is crucial for clinicians when considering treatment options for conditions like schizophrenia, as well as for monitoring potential side effects that may arise during treatment.