What type of brain cells are primarily responsible for transmitting and interpreting signals?

Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system that are primarily responsible for transmitting and interpreting signals. These specialized cells are equipped with the ability to generate and conduct electrical impulses, known as action potentials, which enable communication within the brain and between the brain and the rest of the body.

Neurons consist of three major parts: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and axons. Dendrites receive incoming signals from other neurons, while axons transmit signals to other neurons or muscle cells. The synapses are the junctions where neurons communicate, but they are not cells themselves; rather, they are structures that facilitate communication between neurons. Glial cells, on the other hand, provide support, protection, and nourishment to neurons but do not transmit signals. Axons are parts of neurons that specifically carry electrical signals away from the cell body but cannot function on their own without the neuronal structure.

Thus, neurons are the primary cells responsible for the processes of signal transmission and interpretation.