Which cells are often referred to as the supporting cells of the nervous system?

The cells referred to as the supporting cells of the nervous system are glia. These cells play critical and diverse roles in supporting neuronal function and maintaining homeostasis within the nervous system. Unlike neurons, which are the primary signaling cells responsible for transmitting information throughout the brain and body, glial cells provide structural support, supply nutrients, and participate in the repair processes following injury. They help maintain the environment around neurons, facilitate synaptic transmission, and can also partake in neurotransmitter uptake and metabolism.

Unlike neurons, which are specialized for communication and information processing, glial cells do not transmit electrical signals. There are several types of glial cells, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, each with unique functions contributing to the overall health and efficiency of the nervous system. Their importance cannot be understated as they play active roles in the brain's immune response, support myelination, and contribute to the blood-brain barrier, making them essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.