Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for activation and the "fight or flight" response?

The sympathetic nervous system is indeed responsible for activating the "fight or flight" response. This part of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body to respond to perceived threats or emergencies by triggering a range of physiological changes. When activated, it increases heart rate, dilates airways, enhances blood flow to muscles, and releases adrenaline, among other effects. These changes collectively enhance the body's ability to react quickly and effectively in a stressful situation.

In contrast, the parasympathetic nervous system mainly promotes the "rest and digest" state, facilitating recovery and conserving energy after a stressful event. The somatic nervous system is involved in voluntary control of body movements through skeletal muscles, not autonomic responses. Afferent nerves carry sensory information to the central nervous system but are not directly involved in activating the fight or flight response. Therefore, the sympathetic nervous system plays a crucial role in preparing the body to face challenges or threats.