Which type of junction allows neurons to communicate with each other?

The correct choice is synapse, which is a crucial structure in the nervous system that facilitates communication between neurons. A synapse is the junction where the axon terminal of one neuron connects with the dendrite or cell body of another neuron. This connection allows for the transmission of neurotransmitters, chemical messengers that convey signals from one neuron to another.

When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, the small gap between the two neurons. The neurotransmitters then bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, which can either excite or inhibit the next neuron, thereby continuing the process of neural communication. This mechanism is fundamental for various brain functions, including learning, memory, and overall neural network connectivity.

In contrast, dendrites and axons represent parts of neurons involved in signal reception and transmission, respectively, but they do not function as communication junctions themselves. The cortex refers to a specific brain region involved in higher cognitive functions, but it is not a type of junction facilitating direct communication between neurons.