Which type of medical imaging requires anesthesia and is invasive to visualize the vasculature?

Neuroangiography is the correct answer because it involves the use of a catheter that is inserted into the vascular system, typically through the groin or arm. This invasive procedure allows for the visualization of the brain's vascular structures and is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and blockages. Anesthesia is often required to minimize discomfort and ensure the patient's stillness during the procedure, which allows for high-quality images to be captured.

The other imaging methods listed do not share these characteristics. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique that does not require anesthesia, although it may sometimes be used in certain contexts to help patients remain still. X-ray imaging is also a standard non-invasive method that does not involve anesthesia or catheterization, focusing instead on providing quick imaging of structures based on their density. Computed Tomography (CT) scanning, like X-rays, is typically non-invasive; both techniques can visualize internal structures but do not require catheter insertion or anesthesia for standard applications.