Which type of memory is defined as the ability to manipulate mental information in real-time?

The ability to manipulate mental information in real-time is best defined by working memory. Working memory refers to a cognitive system that allows for the temporary storage and manipulation of information necessary for complex tasks such as reasoning, learning, and comprehension. It acts as a mental workspace where one can hold and manage relevant information actively, which is essential for problem-solving and decision-making processes.

This capability distinguishes working memory from short-term memory, which primarily focuses on the storage of information over a brief period without the active manipulation component. Implicit memory relates to unconscious retention of information, often evident in learned skills and conditioned responses but does not involve real-time cognitive manipulation. Long-term memory refers to the storage of information over extended periods, encompassing knowledge and experiences but lacks the immediacy and active processing characteristic of working memory. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the dynamic aspect of memory that is crucial for tasks requiring ongoing mental engagement and adaptability.